Two types of jurisdiction in all courts are

• A. Personal and territorial
• B. Appellate and original
• C. General and limited
• D. Subject matter and territorial

Answer: (D)

Authority in every court is defined by what it can hear and where it can hear it. Two fundamental dimensions apply across all courts: subject matter jurisdiction and territorial jurisdiction. Subject matter jurisdiction is about the kind of case a court is allowed to decide—civil versus criminal, family matters, or specific statutes. Territorial jurisdiction is about geographic reach—the court’s authority typically extends only within a defined area, like a state or district. Together, these two requirements determine whether a court can even hear a case and where that hearing can take place.

Other pairings describe different properties that aren’t universal across all courts. Appellate versus original refers to whether a court reviews decisions or hears them for the first time, which varies by court type; general versus limited describes the breadth of authority but isn’t a universal classification for every court; personal jurisdiction concerns the defendant or parties involved and depends on ties to the locale, not the court’s fundamental power to hear particular kinds of cases within a territory.