What are the two main types of microphones?

• A. Ribbon and Lavalier
• B. Dynamic and Condenser
• C. Electret and Boundary
• D. Shotgun and Boundary

Answer: (B)

Microphones are categorized by how their diaphragm’s motion is converted into an electrical signal, and the two main families are dynamic and condenser. Dynamic mics use a moving-coil element in a magnetic field; they’re rugged, handle loud sound sources well, and don’t require external power. Condenser mics use a charged capacitor with a thin diaphragm, giving higher sensitivity and a wider frequency response, but they need external power (often phantom power). This difference in transduction and power needs explains why these two types cover most common mic uses. Other terms you might hear refer to specific designs or placements (like ribbon, lavalier, boundary, shotgun, electret) and can be dynamic or condenser, but they’re about form or construction rather than the fundamental sensing method.